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Table 2 Baseline characteristics and observed risk of gastrointestinal bleeds within 180 days of the non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors initiators in the historical and concurrent cohorts

From: Dimension reduction and shrinkage methods for high dimensional disease risk scores in historical data

Variable Historical cohort (Jan 1 1997–Dec 31 1998a) Concurrent cohort (Jan 1 1999–Dec 31 2001a)
nsNSAIDs (N = 28,533) nsNSAIDs (N = 15,930) Coxibs (N = 31,875)
Age, mean (SD) 78.6 (6.8) 78.9 (6.9) 80.5 (6.8)
White, n (%) 26,535 (93.0) 14,450 (90.7) 30,583 (95.9)
Female, n (%) 24,011 (84.2) 13,287 (83.4) 27,812 (87.3)
Nursing home stay, n (%) 1757 (6.2) 989 (6.2) 2781 (8.7)
Num. of medications, mean (SD) 9.4 (5.1) 9.7 (5.2) 10.5 (5.4)
Num. of physician visits, mean (SD) 9.7 (6.9) 9.3 (6.7) 9.8 (6.7)
At least 1 hospitalization, n (%) 8514 (29.8) 2267 (28.0) 10,497 (32.9)
Use of warfarin, n (%) 2148 (7.5) 1212 (7.6) 4509 (14.1)
Use of gastroprotective drugs, n (%) 9059 (31.7) 4560 (28.6) 12,238 (38.4)
Use of corticosteriods, n (%) 2445 (8.6) 1435 (9.0) 3265 (10.2)
Use of clopidogrel, n (%) 671 (2.4) 785 (4.9) 2148 (6.7)
Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) 1215 (4.3) 519 (3.3) 1721 (5.4)
Congestive heart failure, n (%) 5892 (20.6) 3295 (20.7) 7864 (24.7)
Osteoarthritis, n (%) 13,044 (45.7) 6645 (41.7) 17,812 (55.9)
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) 5173 (18.1) 3192 (20.0) 7387 (23.2)
GI bleeding, n (%) 1352 (4.7) 788 (4.9) 1972 (6.2)
Chronic kidney diseases, n (%) 965 (3.4) 684 (4.3) 1275 (4.0)
Carotid artery disease, n (%) 11,551 (40.5) 6460 (40.6) 13,944 (43.8)
Combined comorbidity score >2, n (%) 7266 (25.5) 4170 (26.2) 10,051 (31.5)
GI bleed, n (%) 201 (0.7 %) 87 (0.6 %) 189 (0.6 %)
  1. Coxibs cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, GI bleed gastrointestinal bleeding, nsNSAIDs non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Num. number
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